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For instance, the SHA-256 of this term BUTTERFLY (origin ) is 8c62ace4f9ef8ccd08ca6fb992a8524bb7dbdc0530654bd254c9da07a660949a (HASH). This seemingly random string of letters and numbers has three important properties:

Bitcoin mining involves three variables: the cube, the mining difficulty and a random number. Heres how it all comes together:

Imagine our cube consists of the word BUTTERFLY discussed earlier. In reality, the cube could contain a list of recent, unverified transactions, but lets keep it simple. In order for the block to be solved, bitcoin utilizes a simple test: If the HASH consequence of the block starts with a certain number of zeros, then the cube is considered confirmed.

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For instance, lets say that we have a mining problem of simply two, ie, our HASH must begin with two zeros. .

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The difficulty: BUTTERFLY will return the exact same HASH, and it doesnt begin with two zeros. So what we need is the third factor, a random number (called a NONCE). We carry this number, combine it with BUTTERFLY, and HASH again. If it doesnt start with two zeros, we change the number and try again, and since changing one small number changes the whole HASH outcome, there's absolutely no method to predict the number well need to solve this! .

We repeat this procedure over and over until we find a number that, when combined with BUTTERFLY, gives us a HASH that starts with two zeros. That number is your solution to the block. Here are some tries:

This arduous procedure of randomly trying to find a number that gives the solution is the thing that creates bitcoin mining such a computationally expensive process, and as more miners join the network, the harder it gets. As of November 2017, a regular home computer working alone, ie, not an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and not part of a cloud mining network, could require 2.7 million years to mine one block. great post to read .

This has caused the growth of ASIC computers built specifically for mining and also to an increase in cloud mining.

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CPU mining. In the first days of bitcoin, mining difficulty was reduced and not a great deal of miners were competing for cubes and rewards. This made it worthwhile to use your computers own central processing unit (CPU) to mine bitcoin. However, that strategy was soon replaced by GPU mining.

GPU mining. An graphics processing unit (GPU) is a potent processor whose sole objective is to assist your own computers graphics card in rendering 3D graphics. GPUs are not built for executive decisions (such as CPUs) but to be somewhat great labourers, hence GPUs are able to execute over 800 times more instructions in precisely the exact same amount of time as a CPU.

FPGA mining. Next came mining using field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). These significantly outperformed GPUs and CPUs in the mining procedure as FPGAs are chips that can be programmed to execute specific instructions and only those instructions (instead of being repurposed for mining, such as GPUs were).

ASIC mining. Comparable to FPGAs, application-specific integrated circuits are chips designed for a specific function, in our case mining bitcoin, and nothing else. ASICs for bitcoin were introduced in 2013 and, as of November 2017, they're the best processors out there for mining bitcoin and they outperform FPGAs in electricity consumption. .

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Mining pools. To offset the difficulty of mining a block, miners started organising in cloud or pools mining networks. Whenever a miner in one of those pools solves a block, the reward is shared with everyone in the swimming pool in a ratio representative of just how much work you put into the swimming pool (even though you personally never solved the mystery ). .

Cloud mining. Clouds offer prospective miners the capability to buy mining rigs in a remote data centre location. There are many obvious advantages, the most obvious beingno energy costs, no extra heat and nothing to market when you decide to hang up your digital pickaxe.

Once miners receive bitcoin, they are given a virtual key to the bitcoin addresses. You can use this digital key to access and confirm or approve transactions.

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Desktop pockets. Software like Bitcoin Core allows you to send and save bitcoin addresses and also connects to the network to track transactions.

Online wallets. Bitcoin keys are stored online by exchange programs like Coinbase or Circle and can be accessed from anywhere.

Mobile wallets. Apps like Blockchain shop and encrypt your own bitcoin keys so you can make payments using your cellular device.

Paper wallets. Some sites provide paper wallet services, generating a bit of paper using just two QR codes on it. One code is the public address where you receive bitcoin and the other is your private address you can use for spending.